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From the early 1990s, humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have with increasing frequency been working in distinctly hostile envrionments. Commonly called "complex emergencies," these multi-dimensional humanitarian crises usually involve some combination of mass population movement, severe food insecurity, macro-economic collapse, and acute civil and military conflict including even genocide. ...

As the United Nations celebrates its 50th anniversary in 1995, it is enjoying a revival of interest among scholars, statesmen, and the general public. This development is closely related to changes in the basic parameters of the post-1945 world order, and the primary concern of this book is to examine, against this changing backdrop, multilateralism and the UN system from the perspective of what is ...

This volume contributes to the growing literature on women, conflict and peacebuilding by focusing on the moments after a peace accord, or some other official ending of a conflict, often denoted as 'post-conflict' or 'post-war'. Such moments often herald great hope for holding to account those who committed grave wrongs during the conflict, and for a better life in the future. For many women, both ...

In 1838, the British government outlawed the slave trade, emancipated all of the slaves in its possessions, and began to interdict slave ships en route to the Americas. Almost at once, colonies that had depended on slave labour were faced with a liberated and unwilling labour force. At the same time, newly freed slaves in Sierra Leone (and later from America and elsewhere) were "persuaded" to emigrate ...

"Imagine a criminal justice system that achieves fewer than five convictions per year and spends more than $20 million on each one. By some measures, this would make it the least efficient prosecutorial system in recorded history. Imagine that this same system consistently runs the risk of creating rather than deterring crimes, with few victims or perpetrators believing that it provides fairness, equity, ...

Geschichte des Bestandsbildners Joachim-Albrecht von Holleuffer 20.03.1921 in Emden Schulbildung: 1927 - 1931 Volksschule 1931 - 1939 humanistisches Gymnasium mit Reifeprüfung 1953 - 1955 Fernstudium an der Akademie für Welthandel (ohne Abschlussprüfung) Beförderungen: 01.02.1940 Seekadett 01.07.1940 Fähnrich zur See 01.07.1941 Oberfähnrich zur See 01.06.1942 Leutnant zur See 01.12.1943 Oberleutnant ...