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Hans Litten, the son of a Jewish father and a protestant mother was born in 1903 in Halle an der Saale. Despite his interest in art and music, he commenced his studies in law at the beginning of the 1920s. In 1928, having qualified, he began his career as a lawyer in Berlin. He worked closely with Ludwig Barbasch, lawyer for the 'Rote Hilfe', legal support group for the German Communist Party.</p><p>Litten ...

"Fought in the wake of a decade of armed struggle against colonialism, the Mozambican civil war lasted from 1977 to 1992, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives while displacing millions more. As conflicts across the globe span decades and generations, Stephen C. Lubkemann suggests that we need a fresh perspective on war when it becomes the context for normal life rather than an exceptional event ...

Blocking out, turning a blind eye, shutting off, not wanting to know, wearing blinkers, seeing what we want to see ... these are all expressions of 'denial'. Alcoholics who refuse to recognize their condition, people who brush aside suspicions of their partner's infidelity, the wife who doesn't notice that her husband is abusing their daughter, are supposedly 'in denial'. Governments deny their responsibility ...

"This volume draws together the ground-breaking work of researchers and archaeological practitioners, working in multiple countries, to explore and understand the material and cultural impacts of the Pacific War. The Pacific War (1941-45), was characterised by a brutality and violence unmatched in any other theatre. Described by indigenous Micronesians as a 'typhoon,' the war was an unstoppable force ...

During the Second World War, the US Army was faced with the problem of turning average civilians into soldiers capable of destroying the German army. To ease their adjustment to their new duties and overcome what US officers saw as the unsuitability of Americans for soldiering, the Army Ground Forces adopted a training regimen designed to produce an 'induced urge to hate the enemy'. This training would ...

Examines the nature and function of antisemitism in Mussolini's totalitarian regime. The original fascist program did not include the idea of the mass murder of Jews. However, violence was part of the heritage of the fascist party, which since the 1920s had worked to reshape society and create a "new man". Questions why it was that in 1938 the regime decided to persecute the Jews. Contends that, after ...

Ruth Ben-Ghiat is the expert on the "strongman" playbook employed by authoritarian demagogues from Mussolini to Putin--enabling her to predict with uncanny accuracy the recent experience in America. In Strongmen, she lays bare the blueprint these leaders have followed over the past 100 years, and empowers us to recognize, resist, and prevent their disastrous rule in the future. For ours is the age ...

Introduction: Jews and Gentiles in Central and Eastern Europe during the Holocaust in history and memory / Hana Kubátová & Jan Láníček. - Intimate violence: Jewish testimonies on victims and perpetrators in Eastern Galicia / Natalia Aleksiun. - Helping, denouncing, and profiteering: a process-oriented approach to Jewish-Gentile relations in occupied Poland from a micro-historical perspective / ...

"In a landmark process that transformed global reparations after the Holocaust, Germany created the largest sustained redress program in history, amounting to more than $60 billion. When human rights violations are presented primarily in material terms, acknowledging an indemnity claim becomes one way for a victim to be recognized. At the same time, indemnifications provoke a number of difficult questions ...

Frederick (Jerzy) Bitter was born on April 4, 1941, in Lvov, Poland [Lviv, Ukraine)]. His mother, Cecylia, a vocational school administrator, was born on July 31, 1912, in Przemyśl, Poland. His father, Marek Bitter, an electrician, was born on April 4, 1941. Though Jewish, the family was not religious, and adhered to Communist and Socialist ideals. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Cecylia ...