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Consists of one memoir, 82 pages, entitled "Waves, A Memoir, 1929-1950," by Dr. Julius J. Menn, originally of Langfuhr, near Danzig (Gdansk), Poland. Dr. Menn describes his childhood, his family's immigration to Palestine in 1935, their journey back to Poland in 1938 (as his mother did not adjust well to Palestine), first to visit family in Vilna, and then to settle in Warsaw. He recalls Polish antisemitism, ...

The Marcia Cyviner letters consist of postcards and letters written to Marcia from family and friends in Maków Mazowiecki, Poland, during the German occupation of that country in World War II, and from friends working in a labor camp in the Soviet Union. The majority of the letters are written by Marcia’s mother, Sara and contain messages from aunts, uncles, and cousins. The letters describe life ...

The German steamship, the St. Louis, left Hamburg with 930 Jewish refugees on board on 13 May 1939. Its passengers had valid immigration visas to Cuba stamped in their passports. When the ship arrived at Havana, the refugees were refused entry. The ship was turned back to Europe, where its passengers, after much negotiation were permitted to land in English and Western European ports. Those caught ...

Steen Christian Fischer was born on 18 September 1920 in Copenhagen, Denmark to Christian Fischer (b. 1870) and Katrine (Antonette Frederikke, b. 1887) Siegfredsen Fischer. He had one sister: Inger Margrethe Fischer (b. 1919). He grew up in a Christian household. He was conscripted into the Royal Danish Navy shortly before the German in invasion of Denmark in April 1940. He was discharged in December ...

African Americans have a long history of active involvement and interest in international affairs, but their efforts have been largely ignored by scholars of American foreign policy. Gayle Plummer brings a new perspective to the study of twentieth-century American history with her analysis of black Americans' engagement with international issues, from the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 through ...

Memoirs of a Jew (b. 1932) from Kovno. She endured the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union, and later the invasion of Hitler's troops. Her father was deported by the Nazis, and the rest of the family was interned in the ghetto. Thanks to the cleverness of her mother, who pretended that her daughter was older than she really was, they remained together; she escaped several selections, but had ...

Describes Samuel Stammer’s (Dornfeld, Austria, 05 Jul 1905 - ) childhood in Austria and life in the Free City of Gdansk (Danzig); his experiences as a Polish soldier during the German invasion and as a prisoner-of-war; his transport to and experiences in Nazi concentration camps and ghettos (including: Majdanek, the Lowicz ghetto, the Warsaw ghetto, the Miedzyrzec ghetto; Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sachsenhausen, ...

Paul Frey, formerly known as Siegmund Freitag, a Polish Jew, had lived with his family in Essen, Germany prior to 08 Nov. 1938. After Kristallnacht (09-10 Nov 1938), they escaped to the Netherlands. After the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands, the entire family was placed in Westerbork concentration camp. They managed to stay at Westerbork until 18 Jan. 1944, when they were deported to Terezin concentration ...

Consists of one article entitled "The Three Lives of the Polish War Hero; Emile H. Szlechter," written by his stepson, Reinhold Beuer-Tajovsky. The article describes Szlechter's life as a lawyer in Lwów, fighting in the Polish Army immediately after the German invasion in 1939, and having to flee to Romania, leaving his wife and daughters, to avoid capture. From Romania, he made his way to France and ...