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Due to the emotive appeal of the battles for Monte Cassino and the controversy which surrounded the destruction of the ancient Benedictine abbey which crowned it, the importance of the preceding battle for the Mignano Gap has been largely and unjustly ignored by military historians. In this book Alex Bowlby sets out to restore the balance. In the autumn of 1943 the German Bernhardt Line ran through ...

"The Nazi occupation of the Netherlands was a complex, varied and bloody affair. Well- documented is the initial capture by the Gestapo of a secret Dutch Special Operations Executive radio-operator who thereafter lured several parachuted agents to their deaths, but, the actual scope and complexity of the occupation was much greater than this. Large-scale civil resistance against the occupation began ...

"De 1954 à 1962, plus d'un million et demi de jeunes Français sont partis faire leur service militaire en Algérie. Mais ils ont été plongés dans une guerre qui ne disait pas son nom. Depuis lors, les anciens d'Algérie sont réputés n'avoir pas parlé de leur expérience au sein de leur famille. Le silence continuerait à hanter ces hommes et leurs proches. En historienne, Raphaëlle Branche ...

"The mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II is not only a tale of injustice; it is a moving story of faith. In this pathbreaking account, Duncan Ryūken Williams reveals how, even as they were stripped of their homes and imprisoned in camps, Japanese-American Buddhists launched one of the most inspiring defenses of religious freedom in our nation's history, insisting that they ...

Systematic gathering of photos for the Museum collection as primary museum documents began with the foundation of the Museum in 1947. The collection of photographs has been created by systematic gathering: Gifts, purchase, storage, exchange with other institutions and collectors (such as the EU Commission on War Crimes, individuals, associations of veterans of World War II, military organizations and ...

Poster stamp encouraging the boycott of Nazi products, issued in the United States during the boycott movement between May 1933 and October 1941. Unlike many others issued during the boycott, this stamp makes a distinction between Nazis and Germany as a whole. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. The Nazi’s increasing targeting of Jews ...

Refutes the belief that the men of the Waffen-SS were "ordinary soldiers". They were, in fact, political soldiers; almost all had volunteered for the SS and identified with Nazi ideology. Already in 1939-40 in Poland they took part in massacres and deportations. In preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Himmler established the Kommandostab, with control over two infantry and two ...

Sessions 107. Servatius is reading passages from the affidavit of witness Alfred Six. Six says that it would be impossible for a subordinate to issue orders contrary to or beyond the jurisdiction of their superiors; any who did this were quickly removed. Thus, Eichmann could not disobey his orders and had to obey his superiors. He also reads that Eichmann had no connection with the Einsatzgruppen. ...

Hildegard Hanna “Hilde” Simon (later Hilde Gernsheimer, 1926-2019) was born on May 2, 1926 in Cloppenburg, Germany to Karl and Selma Simon. Karl (1884-1943) was a World War I veteran and worked as a horse and cattle trader. Selma (née Katz, 1894-1943) was born in Bad Arolson, Germany and was the eldest daughter of Jakob and Ida (née Schartenberg) Katz. They married in 1918 in Bad Arolson. Hilde had ...