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Section 2 and 4: A young woman in a dress twirls for the camera, smiling. A different woman, Hilla Fleischer (later Hildegard von Gumppenberg), shows off her outfit in an outdoor garden. Three people (from left to right: Gertrude Weyl, mother Lieschen Weyl, and Paul Weyl), arms locked, smiling and posing (probably a continuation of the first scene in RG-60.6998 at Monchengladbach). MS, a young person ...

Claude Lanzmann was born in Paris to a Jewish family that immigrated to France from Eastern Europe. He attended the Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. His family went into hiding during World War II. He joined the French resistance at the age of 18 and fought in the Auvergne. Lanzmann opposed the French war in Algeria and signed a 1960 antiwar petition. From 1952 to 1959 he lived with Simone ...

1937 trip to Gombin, Poland (123 km northwest of Warsaw) filmed by Sam Rafel at the request of Nathan Zolna Solomon, who had emigrated from Gombin to Newark NJ and provided Sam Rafel with the camera. The first shot is a grainy, dark interior shot of a crowd of people. This might be the crowd that assembled for Sam Rafel's 1937 visit. He wrote, "the affair took place in the Firemen's Hall, in the presence ...

Tallit or prayer shawl buried for safekeeping by Johanna Baruch Boas while she lived in hiding in Brussels, Belgium, from 1942-1944. The tallit was worn by her husband, Bernhard, during religious services. Bernhard died in Berlin, Germany, in 1932. She brought it with her when she fled Nazi Germany for Brussels in March 1939 with her daughter’s family. Germany occupied Belgium in May 1940 and soon ...

Karl Kretschmer was Obersturmführer with Einsatzgruppe 4a (Babi Yar) and wrote an infamous letter to his wife and children about the killings. In this hidden camera interview, Kretschmer is very reluctant to talk. Lanzmann asks about Babi Yar and Kretschmer says he wasn't there. He says he doesn't remember what his letter said since he doesn't have them any more. Kretschmer says he was struck by the ...

Elizabeth Cecilia Gabrielle Weigl (later Deutschhausen, 1902-1994) was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria), to Alfred C. and Ida H. Kling (1877-1962) Weigl. Elizabeth often went by the nickname, Elsie, and had one younger brother, Alfred (1906-1969). Elizabeth graduated from the Vienna Art School, where she studied art and theater set and costume design. She also designed lace, clothing, ...

Factory-printed Star of David badge acquired by the sculptor, Jacques Lipchitz. In June 1942, all Jews in German-occupied France were required to wear a badge that consisted of a yellow Star of David with a black-outline and the word “Jew” printed in French inside the star. The badge was used to stigmatize and control the Jewish population. They were distributed by the government and police authorities, ...

One of the leaders of the revolt in Sobibor, Lerner talks about his knack for escaping from camps - he escaped from eight camps before arriving at Sobibor. He relates the Sobibor revolt in great detail, including his role in killing two Germans. Lanzmann found this interview so compelling that he used none of it in Shoah but instead made a separate film about Lerner, called "Sobibor, October 14, 1943, ...

Interviews with Polish inhabitants of Grabow, a village located 19 km from the Chelmno extermination camp. Prior to the war, Jews had accounted for over half the population of Grabow. In 1942, all of the approximately 4,000 Jews of Grabow were rounded up, locked in the town's Catholic church, and then transported to Chelmno. In these outtakes, Lanzmann reads a letter written by the rabbi of Grabow ...

Henryk Gawkowski was a locomotive conductor at the Treblinka station and estimates that he transported approximately 18,000 Jews to the camp. He drank vodka all the time because it was the only way to make bearable his job and the smell of burning corpses. He describes the black market and the prostitution that developed around the camp. This interview also includes conversations with several other ...