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Gaynor I. Jacobson (1912-1999) was born Israel Gaynor Jacobson in Buffalo and worked for numerous Jewish and aid organizations in Rochester before joining the American Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in 1944 as a country director in Italy, Greece, and Czechoslovakia. Over the next six years, he used his diplomatic skills to persuade various governments to take in survivors of the Holocaust. He was ...

Hansi Brand and her husband Joel were members of the Relief and Rescue Committee of Budapest, Hungary, as was Rudolf Kasztner. Brand details her husband's experiences with Eichmann and the "Blood for Goods" rescue scheme. She also addresses the controversy over whether Kasztner neglected to warn the Jews of their fates. She states emphatically that by 1944, of course, everyone knew what it meant to ...

Hanna Marton is from Cluj (now Romania), formerly the capital of Transylvania. Both Hanna Marton and her husband were lawyers and Zionists. Marton was aboard the train organized by Rudolf (Rezso) Kasztner, carrying 1684 'privileged' Jews that left Hungary for Germany, eventually bringing them to Bergen-Belsen on 9 July 1944. Claude Lanzmann asks questions in French, which Hanna Marton understands, ...

Siegfried Halbreich (1909-2008) was born in Dziedzice, in the Upper Silesia region of Poland. After his graduation from high school, he served briefly in the Polish Army from 1930-1932, before attending the University of Krakow to become a pharmacist. He practiced pharmacy in Katowice, Poland from 1935-1939 before the outbreak of World War II. At the outbreak of war, Halbreich was drafted back into ...

Dr. Julius Kühl (Juliusz, Yehiel, 1913-1985) was born in Sanok, Poland (Galicia at the time). He moved to Switzerland and studied economics and the University of Zurich. At the outbreak of World War II he received a position at the Polish legation, which remained loyal to the Polish government-in-exile and was supervised by Aleksander Ładoś. Kühl was charged with aiding Polish soldiers in Swiss internment ...

Silver cup engraved with the names of Erwin Rösener and Heinrich Himmler and SS bolts, manufactured by the A. Frisch firm in Oslo, Norway. Rösener joined the SA in 1926, and was accepted into the SS in 1930. He quickly advanced through the ranks, and was promoted nine times between 1930 and 1944. Rösener attained the rank of Gruppenführer (Major General) on November 9, 1941, and his final rank of Obergruppenführer ...

Esther Lurie (1913-1998) was born in Liepaja (formerly Libau), Latvia, to a religious, intellectual Jewish family. Her parents were Josef and Bluma and she had five older sisters and an older brother. The family was forced to move to Riga during World War I (1914-1918), when Liepāja, a Baltic seaport which was then part of the Russian Empire, was taken over as a military port. Esther’s artistic gifts ...

Orphans 5 Presentation, SC Julien Bryan Collection Orthodox Jews in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, 1936. Old market square and synagogue. Close-ups of Jewish boys. 3:05 minutes, Silent Stanley Baker Collection This collection consists of amateur film shot by members of an American family who were living in Vienna when the Germans entered Austria in 1938. One clip shows jubilant crowds celebrating the ...

Mordechai (Michael) Podchlebnik recognized the corpses of his wife and children when unloading bodies from a gas van at Chelmno. He was a witness at many postwar trials, including the Eichmann trial. He tells Lanzmann of his escape from Chelmno and how he tried to inform people about Chelmno, but he was not believed at first, until his story was corroborated by another escaped prisoner. FILM ID 3294 ...

Claude Lanzmann was born in Paris to a Jewish family that immigrated to France from Eastern Europe. He attended the Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. His family went into hiding during World War II. He joined the French resistance at the age of 18 and fought in the Auvergne. Lanzmann opposed the French war in Algeria and signed a 1960 antiwar petition. From 1952 to 1959 he lived with Simone ...