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"In the summer of 2016 acclaimed archaeologist Richard Freund and his team made news worldwide when they discovered an escape tunnel from the Ponar burial pits in Lithuania. This Holocaust site where more than 100,000 people perished is usually remembered for the terrible devastation that happened there. In the midst of this devastation, the discovery of an escape tunnel reminds us of the determination ...

Shmerke Kaczerginski (1908-1954), Yiddish writer and cultural activist, born in Vilna, Lithuania. orphaned at age six and raised by his grandfather, Kaczerginski learned the lithographer's trade. As a youth, he was involved with outlawed Communist groups and was arrested several times, serving a lengthy prison term. In the 1930s, two of his revolutionary poems became popular in Poland. He wrote short ...

The Chaim Kaplan diary consists, in its entirety, of a diary that Kaplan maintained in Hebrew, from 1933 to 1942. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum obtained three original volumes of this diary in 2009, consisting of: Book 3, dating from April 4, 1935 to August 4, 1936 (pages 1-390); Book 7, consisting of entries from August 30, 1939 to December 23, 1939 (pages 53-280); and other fragments, ...

Arie Sagi’s mother, Rachel Roza Weksler, was born in October 1917 in Swiéciany. Lithuania. She was one of six siblings. Roza’s older brother, Hirsz Zvi Weksler, was married to Fanny and had two daughters. In June 1941, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Hirsz and Roza fled Swiéciany. They both joined a partisan unit in the nearby forest, and Roza met her future husband, Mordechai Sergowicz, ...

Leib (later Louis) Szapiro was born in Pruzhany Poland on May 5, 1913 to Moisze and Albernah Szapiro. Leib married before the war and had two children. His wife and children later perished in the Holocaust. Before the war, Leib belonged to the Zionist movement, Ha'Shomer Hatzair. From Pruzhany, Leib was deported to Auschwitz where he was tattooed with number 99471. He and his Ha"Shomer friends organized ...

Helga Fluss (later Helga Lipow, 1923-2004) was born on October 7, 1923 in Berlin, Germany to Max Fluss (1894-1961) and Lucia Fluss (née Berlowitz). Helga had two sisters: Ilse and Ruth. Her father Max owned a department store in Berlin. The family wanted to emigrate from Berlin, but was unable to secure U.S. visas. Helga and Ilse were sent to a boarding school in London. In 1938 Max fled arrest by ...

The Robert Hofmekler papers consist of photographs and printed materials documenting the Hofmekler family of Lithuania. Photographs depict members of the Hofmekler family before, during, and after World War II and members of the Kovno Ghetto Orchestra including Michael and Motel Hofmekler, Avraam Abramson, Elia and Mordecai Borstein, Boris Koriski, Michael Lin, and Boris and Shmaya (Alexander) Stupel. ...

Reports, correspondence, hearings of witnesses regarding the action of the Polish underground in Warsaw, materials about the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 - various information, studies, accounts, notes, list of executions, situational sketches and maps, list of commanders and military units; account of German crimes committed in September 1939; investigation materials against Erich von dem Bach, Heinz Reinefarth, ...

"Als die deutsche Wehrmacht Vilnius erreichte, lebte der vierzigjährige Juozas Rutkauskas allein und unauffällig in der Stadt. Sein Ruf war tadellos, die deutschen Besatzer vertrauten ihm und übertrugen ihm die Leitung eines Büros für Melde- und Passangelegenheiten. Viele hielten ihn für einen Gewinner der neuen politischen Zustände. Er tat nichts, um diesen Eindruck zu zerstreuen. Die Massaker ...

Consists of copyprints and photographs from the collection of Sarah Schneider Ben-Ami Radzeli. Includes a copyprint of a portrait of Moishe Radzeli taken around the period of World War II and a copyprint of a portrait of Moishe's wife Ita with her grandchildren (Louis's niece and nephew Yankel), all of whom perished during the war. Also includes a pre-war portrait of the family of Esther (Adler) and ...

Meir Stein (1909-1970) was born in Bielsko, Poland and married Paula (b. Pola Znamirowska in Prezdborz, Poland, 1909-1988). They had one son, Israel, born in 1934 in Warsaw, Poland. After the outbreak of the war in 1939, they fled from Warsaw to Vilna (Vilnius, Lithuania) which was under Soviet rule. Meir attempted to obtain paperwork to immigrate to Palestine, but they were interned in the Vilna ghetto ...

Wilhelm Beigel was born on May 18, 1927, in Vilna, Poland, (Vilnius, Lithuania) to Ferdinand, born on June 25, 1899, in Lemberg, Austria (L’viv, Ukraine), and Liza Kowarsky, born on October 20, 1904, in Vilna. Ferdinand was an officer in the Polish Army. Liza’s parents, Zelik (d. 1935) and Musia Kowarsky owned the Hotel Bristol, the largest hotel in Vilna. The Beigel family lived there with 14 extended ...